Agric. Econ. - Czech, 2010, 56(9):435-442 | DOI: 10.17221/30/2009-AGRICECON
Supply chain analysis of fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV): Prospects of contract farming
- 1 UniversitiDarul Iman Malaysia, Kuala Terenggonu, Malaysia
- 2 Institute of Agricultural and Food Policy Studies, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- 3 Department of Agribusiness and Information System, Faculty of Agriculture,
The paper examines the factors that lead farmers to participate in c the contract farming in the Peninsular Malaysia. The primary data was collected through a survey using a questionnaire on the total of two hundred and eight farmers from various states in Malaysia. The study utilizes the stratified sampling method. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The survey identified forty-one contract farmers. Factor analysis was carried out to identify the factors that lead farmers to participate in the contract farming. Based on the analysis, five factors were identified as the reasons for contracting, namely, market stability, and access to marketing information and technology, transfer of technology to improve farming practices, access to inputs and indirect benefit. Contract farming or contract arrangements can be a valuable source of an additional income and knowledge that can be employed to enhance the productivity of the entire farming enterprise.
Keywords: supply chain, contract farming, contract farmers, factor analysis
Published: September 30, 2010 Show citation
ACS | AIP | APA | ASA | Harvard | Chicago | Chicago Notes | IEEE | ISO690 | MLA | NLM | Turabian | Vancouver |
References
- Churchill G.A. Jr., Peter P.J. (1984): Research design effects on the reliability of rating scales: a meta-analysis. Journal of Marketing Research, 21: 360-75.
Go to original source...
- Fatimah M.A., Zainalabidin M., Ismail L. (2006): Changes in agri-food supply change in Malaysia: Implications on marketing training needs. In: FAO/AFMA/FAMA Regional Workshop on Agricultural Marketing Training. 20-25 November, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Featherstone A.M., Sherrick B.J. (1992): Financing vertically co-ordinated agricultural firms. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 74: 1232-1237.
Go to original source...
- Flaskerud G., Klenow D.J. (1999): Changing the farm extension program description and evaluation. North Dakota University Extension Report No. 57. Available at http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/agecon/er/er57w.htm
- Glover D. (1984): Contract farming and smallholder outgrower schemes in developed countries. World Development, 12: 1143-1145.
Go to original source...
- Glover D.J., Kusterer K. (1990). Small Farmers, Big Business: Contract Farming and Rural Development. MacMillan Press Ltd., London.
Go to original source...
- Grosh B. (1994). Contract farming in Africa: an application of the new institutional economics. Journal of African Economies, 3: 231-261.
Go to original source...
- Hair J.F., Anderson R.E., Tatham R.L., Black W.C. (1988): Multivariate Data Analysis. Prentice-Hall International, London.
- Hatcher L. (1994). A Step-by-Step Approach to Using the SAS[R] System for Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. SAS Institute, Cary.
- Hill B.E., Ingersent K.A. (1982): An Economic Analysis of Agriculture. 2nd ed. Heinemann, London.
- Hobbs J.E. (1996): A transaction cost approach to supply chain management. Supply Chain Management, 1: 15-27.
Go to original source...
- Hudson D. (2000): Contracting in Agriculture: A Primer for Leaders Research report 2000-2007. Department of Agricultural Economics, Mississippi State University.
- Jackson J.C., Cheater A.P. (1994): Contract farming in Zimbabwe: case studies of sugar, tea, and cotton. In: Little P., Watts M. (eds): Living under Contract: Contract Farming and Agrarian Transformation in Sub-saharan Africa. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
- Key N., Runsten D. (1999): Contract farming, smallholders and rural development in Latin America: the organization of agroprocessing firms and the scale of outgrower production. World Development, 27: 381-401.
Go to original source...
- Little P.D. (1994): Contract farming and the development question. In: Little P.D., Watts M.J. (eds.): Living under Contract. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
- Martin L.L. (1999): Navigating production contract arrangements. Staff Paper 99-10. Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, Michigan.
- Minot N. (1986): Contract farming and its effect on small farmers in less developed countries. Working Paper No 31. Michigan State University International Development Papers, East Lansing, Michigan.
- Norušis M.J. (1993). SPSS for Windows, Advanced Statistics, Release 6.0. SPSS Inc., Chicago.
- Peter J.P. (1979): Reliability: A review of psychometric basics and recent marketing practices. Journal of Marketing Research, 16: 6-17.
Go to original source...
- Porter G., Phillips-Howard K. (1997): Contract farming in South Africa a case study from Kwazulu-Natal. Geography: Journal of the Geographical Association, 82: 1-38.
- Reardon T., Codron J.M., Busch L., Bingen J., Harris C. (2001): Global change in agri food grades and standards: agribusiness strategic response in developing countries. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 2: 421-435.
Go to original source...
- Reardon T., Barrett C.B. (2000): Agroindustrialisation, globalization and international development: an overview of issues, patterns and determinants. Agricultural Economics, 23: 195-205.
Go to original source...
- Reardon T., Berdegué J. (2002): The rapid rise of supermarkets in Latin America: Challenges and opportunities for development. Development Policy Review, 20: 371-388.
Go to original source...
- Reardon T., Timmer C.P., Barrett C., Berdegué J. (2003): The rise of supermarkets in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. American Journal Agricultural Economics, 85: 1140-1146.
Go to original source...
- Runsten D., Key N. (1996). Contract farming in developing countries: theoretical issues and analysis of some Mexican case studies. Report LC/L. 989, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Santiago, Chile.
- Siddiqui K. (1998). Agricultural exports, poverty and ecological crisis-case study of Central American countries. Economic and Political Weekly, 33: A128-A136.
- Singh S. (2002): Contracting out solutions: political economy of contract farming in the Indian Punjab. World Development, 30: 1621-1638.
Go to original source...
- Sofranko A., Frerichs R., Samy M., Swanson B. (2000). Will farmers organize Structural change and loss of control over production. Available at http://web.aces.uuiuc. edu/value research/organize.htm
- Tabachnick B.G., Fidell L.S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics. 4th ed. Allyn and Bacon, Boston.
- Torres G. (1997): The Force of Irony: Power in the Everyday Life of Mexican Tomato Workers. Berg, Oxford/New York.
- Watts M.J. (1994). Life under contract: Contract farming, agrarian restructuring, and flexible accumulation. In: Little P., Watts M. (eds.): Living under Contract: Contract Farming and Agrarian Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, pp. 21-77.
- Williamson O.E. (1991): Comparative economic organization: the analysis of discrete structural alternatives. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36: 269-296.
Go to original source...
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.